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          使用激光测振技术来消灭害虫        </h1>
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        <p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">导语</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">叶缘焦枯病菌</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">(xylella fastidiosa)</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">会在农作物中会引起多种严重病害，这种植物病原体是加州和南美的葡萄树产生致命疾病的罪魁祸首，仅加州每年需为此耗资</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">1.04</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">亿美元。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">在一个专门的研究项目中，不同于现有的使用农药来消灭害虫的方法，科学家们找到了一种对生态系统无不良影响的方法</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">-</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">利用激光振动测量技术来分析昆虫们求偶时的通讯方式，从而采取手段来控制害虫繁衍。这为自</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">2013</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px">年以来惨遭叶缘焦枯病菌肆虐的欧洲农民带来了希望。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#5D78C3;letter-spacing:1px"><br/></span></p><p style=";background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">01</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: ">葡萄园的叶缘焦枯病菌</span><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;background:white"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">由昆虫学家</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">Rodrigo Krugner</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">领头的美国农业部研究小组已经向位于加州葡萄园的叶缘焦枯病菌宣战。这种病菌会引起严重的植物疾病，如意大利的</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">“</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">橄榄树麻风病</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">”</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">或巴西的柑橘溃疡病。美国和南美的葡萄树染上皮尔斯病后，病株木质部导管被病菌团块及植物本身形成的侵填体和树胶堵塞，水分和养分输导受阻，这些植物会在三年内完全死亡。</span><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;background:white"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">研究小组确定了</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">13</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">种昆虫作为带菌者，即载体，包括玻璃翅叶蝉</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">(GWSS)</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">，一种身长约</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">1</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">厘米的小型蝉。</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">GWSS</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">是一种特别危险的传播媒介，因为它可以飞行很长距离，而且病菌在周围地区传播地极其迅速。使用杀虫剂来抑制</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">GWSS</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">种群已超过</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">25</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">年。然而，研究人员近期发现叶蝉对喷洒农药的耐受性在不断增加，这迫使他们需要探索新的方法。</span></p><p style=";background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=";background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">02</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: ">激光测振仪在昆虫学中的应用</span><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;background:white"><span style=";font-family: &#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">GWSS</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">具有复杂的通信系统。它通过身体振动产生声音，从而通过植物传递振动。它们通过腿部的感觉器官来感知同类信号，甚至通过植物传递的振动来求偶。</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">“</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">没有专门的设备是无法听到这些频率和振动的</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">”</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">，</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">Rodrigo Krugner</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">解释道。</span><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">研究小组的想法是首先破译这些频率和振动，然后找到一种方法来阻止或干扰它们：</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">“</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">这种方法就是干扰昆虫间的通讯，第一步就是识别和描述它们的求偶信号，我们还会寻找他们通讯系统中的薄弱环节，这些都是我们要设法干预的地方</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">”</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">，</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">Krugner</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">说。</span><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;background:white"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">研究人员们使用的是德国</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">Polytec</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">公司的便携式激光测振仪来获取和分析这些频率。</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style=";background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">03</span><strong><span style="font-family: ">可用于实验室和现场的便携式振动测量</span></strong><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style=";font-family: &#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">Polytec</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">公司的便携式激光测振仪测试距离从</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">0.4</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">米到</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">20</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">米以上，功耗低，尤其适用于生物样本的实验室振动分析和直接在葡萄园进行田间测试。</span><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">最新的便携式激光测振仪</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">VibroGo</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">，采用一体化设计，非接触式测量结构表面的振动速度，频率覆盖</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">DC~100kHz</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">。密封式设计，结构坚固，重量轻，专为需要便携性的振动测量而设计。设备还可配备可充电电池，能与通用数据采集系统兼容，是非接触式研究生物样本的理想工具。它甚至可在强电磁场或其它危险区域工作，或在森林、荒野等地方进行远距离科研。</span><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:32px;background:white"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">研究人员成功地获得了各种声音的持续时间和频谱参数，设法对它们进行分析，并弄清楚这些求偶信号的发出者。他们确定了雌性、雄性叶蝉在求偶或与竞争对手通讯时的振动频率。通过对它们的行为和信号的分析，研究人员能够分离出他们所谓的</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">“</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">待选干扰信号</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">”</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">，并使用这种干扰信号干扰求偶。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="/upload_files/2026-01/1768118147766611.png" title="1768118147766611.png" alt="微信图片_20260111155444_80_2.png"/></p><p style=";background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px"><br/></span></p><p style=";background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">04</span><strong><span style="font-family: ">研究成果及未来计划</span></strong><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">这种方法已在实验室研究中显示出可喜结果：一组</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">GWSS</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">共</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">134</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">对，在没有信号干扰的情况下有</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">28</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">对进行交配；另一组</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">GWSS</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">也是</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">134</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">对，在有信号干扰的情况下仅有</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">1</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">对进行交配。</span><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">这种新方法也证明了其在野外使用的价值，正如</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">Kruger</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">讲道：</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">“</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">我们将干扰信号的录音带到野外进行播放，也能抑制葡萄园中尚未交配的昆虫进行交配活动</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">”</span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;color:#221E1F;letter-spacing:1px">。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: ">这种方法可以与现有的措施相结合，如在区域范围内使用杀虫剂或大规模投放害虫的天敌。与使用有毒喷雾或外来捕食者不同，声透射只与一种特定的昆虫作斗争，对当地益虫没有影响，而</span><span style="font-family: Arial, ">GWSS</span><span style="font-family: ">的通讯频率也是蝉类特有的。</span></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/upload_files/2026-01/1768118165222904.png" title="1768118165222904.png" alt="微信图片_20260111155444_81_2.png"/></p><p style=";background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px"><br/></span></p><p style=";background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">总结与展望</span><span style="font-family: ">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">这种创新的、对环境无害的方法和现有的数据，使我们有理由乐观地认为，美国农业部已经能够开发出一种有很大成功潜力的方法，使得控制范围不仅仅是</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Arial&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">GWSS</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">群种。</span></p><p style="text-indent:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;Microsoft YaHei UI&#39;,&#39;sans-serif&#39;;letter-spacing:1px">现行任务是掌握更深入和更全面的数据，以优化在葡萄树种植过程中使用到的声透射方法。信号源传播越远，频率越低则对昆虫的干扰也就越小。该研究小组还计划利用光学振动测量技术分析叶缘焦枯病菌的其它病媒和其它植物病害。</span></p><p><br/></p>      </div>
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